The book is divided into seven sections: progress in cancer genomics, molecular biology and pathology of cancer, metabolism and malignant properties, urine and exosomes, precision medicine in cancer, targeting cancer and molecular evaluation of cancer prognosis. Each section gives a comprehensive and insightful review on urogenital cancers, such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, etc. It is an exciting time of translation from bench to bedside in cancer personalized medicine and molecular pathology have the potential to be the guiding hand in determining optimal treatment regimen of targeted therapies for patients with advanced diseases. Through this book, we intended to cover the recent developments in urogenital cancers at the research and at the clinical trial fronts bringing our readers' up to speed. We hope that the material and overview of the current state of research covered in this book will provide sufficient intellectual stimulations for our readers to venture new ideas into their research and clinical practices.