This new book highlights the most relevant cutting-edge advances in one of the 'hot topics' in the field, EGFR-mutant lung cancer. This book has been divided into several sections. The first section namely-EGFR mutation and lung cancer-offers a state of the art overview related to this molecular aberration, describing not only the most common types of EGFR mutations, indels and point mutations, but other less common genomic events such as duplications and rearrangements involving alternative sites of kinase domains. It also addresses current development of molecular assays for somatic mutation testing not only in tissue but by using novel and less invasive techniques that allow DNA mutation detection and monitoring in blood. In the second section HER2-driven NSCLC is the focus of the topic discussing the genetic alterations that are felt to mediate its oncogenic functions in NSCLC, epidemiology and a detailed overview of new investigational anti-HER2 therapies that are currently explored in ongoing clinical trials applied to NSCLC. In the next sections targeted therapies move back into attention addressing areas of huge interest for readers including an up-to-date review of available data from selected pivotal trials with first and second TKIs (focusing on afatinib), as well as an outline of new third generation irreversible and covalent inhibitors with potential to overcome the most frequent cause of acquired resistance related to T790M. This section makes attention to other hot topics in the field such as the controversial role of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastasis. The last chapter outline the topic of acquired resistance in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients and potential novel strategies to restore the sensitivity with new generation T790M inhibitors. Last but not least a mention to precision medicine, a clear example of implementation and success in lung cancer management.