This book provides state of the art reviews and perspectives from leading groups on topics that are highly relevant to lung transplantation, both clinically and experimentally. Surgeons from Duke University, the site of one of the largest and most experienced lung transplant programs in the world, review their institutional experience and also discuss the expanding use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the care of lung transplant patients. The lung transplant group at The Ohio State University provides an overview of indications and outcomes for pediatric and adult lung transplantation. Along these lines, physicians from The Prince Charles Hospital in Brisbane describe therapeutic options for patients suffering from COPD, which continues to be one of the most common indications for lung transplantation. The Toronto lung transplant group reviews ex vivo lung perfusion, which has been one of the most important advances in this field in the recent past. Not only has the Toronto lung transplant group established that this technique allows for an evaluation and optimization of potentially marginal donor lungs, but, perhaps more importantly, ex vivo lung perfusion will hopefully provide a platform to target cellular and molecular pathways that are potentially deleterious. This book represents a collection of contemporary topics that are highly pertinent for health care professionals, who are involved with the care of lung transplant patients, as well as for investigators, who are engaged in the study of pulmonary transplantation biology.