Together with experts from several nationally renowned thoracic surgery and neurology centres, we wrote Thymus Surgery by summarizing cutting-edge knowledge and progress in surgical treatments in combination with the latest consensus clinical guidelines. This simple and easy-to-read book is a good reference for thymus surgery in clinical practice. The book is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic information regarding the thymus, the pathology of common thymic diseases, and traditional surgical methods. The main purpose is to provide readers with some basic knowledge related to clinical work and enrich the readers’ background knowledge to help understand the needs and design of thymic surgery. The second part introduces the latest surgical methods used in major hospitals and centres in China and their characteristics. This part emphatically introduces subxiphoid thymectomy, a well-known surgical method popularized in recent years, and presents the advantages and characteristics of the techniques used in subxiphoid thymectomy to help readers understand and compare different surgical approaches. The chapter “Decisions regarding thymoma surgery” discusses some hot issues, such as the selection of surgical methods, the surgical scope, and lymph node removal, and summarizes the updated evidence and data regarding some controversial issues in clinical practice, in order to help readers make decisions. The third part introduces the principles and progress in comprehensive non-surgical treatment of thymic diseases. It summarizes the achievements and innovations in the comprehensive treatment of this rare disease by our peers in internal medicine.